2024年04月29日 星期一
学院| 上海家教第一家教家教推荐阅读!! |
一、不定式作定语
不定式作定语要放在它所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，即不定式的动作发生在谓语之后。多用来修饰have、there be、with之后的名词，表示“有…要…”或修饰“the+序数词”。注意：不定式作定语，被修饰的词是不定式动作发生的时间、地点、工具或对象时，要加上适当的介词。如：
1. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person ________.
A. to send B. for sending it
C. to send it to D. for sending it to
【分析】答案选C。the person是send it的对象，可理解为to send it to the person。
2. There are five pairs ________, but I’m at a loss which to choose.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
C. to choose D. for choosing
【分析】答案选B。是“有五双可选择”即“从这五双中选择一双”而不是“选择五双”。
3. After she considered the problem, she got a tall box to stand ________.
A. by B. on
C. up D. with
【分析】答案选B。a tall box是stand的地方，即stand on the tall box。
4. Then there are always people to ________ if you fell like a chat.
A. talk to B. talk
C. speak about D. speak
【分析】答案选A。people是talk的对象，即talk to people。
二、分词作定语
单个的分词放在所修饰的名词前(left等除外)，分词短语放在所修饰的名词后。被修饰的名词与现在分词在逻辑上是主动关系，现在分词表示正在发生或与谓语同时发生；被修饰的名词与过去分词在逻辑上是被动关系，过去分词的动作发生在谓语之前或没有时间性。注意：现在分词的完成式通常只作状语，而不能作定语。如：
1. The flowers ________ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
A. to smell B. smelling
C. smelt D. to be smelt
【分析】答案选B。“发出香味”与“吸引游客”是同时发生的，排除表示将来的不定式，即A和D；又因为the flowers与smell (发出…味)是主动关系，所以用现在分词短语作定语。
2. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures ________ in your mind instead of before your eyes.
A. to form B. form
C. forming D. having formed
【分析】答案选C。form作“出现、产生”解，是不及物动词，pictures与form是主动关系，用现在分词作定语，表示“图画出现”与“有”同时发生。注意：这与表示“有…要…”的不定式不同。
3. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
【分析】答案选D。remain 是不及物动词，其过去分词无被动含义，用remaining (剩下的)作定语，修饰20 dollars。remaining 20 dollars =20 dollars left
4. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ________ as 3M.
A. knowing B. known
C. being known D. to be known
【分析】答案选B。因为the…company与know是被动关系，所以用过去分词短语作定语，known as 3M = which was known as 3M。
5. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung
【分析】答案选B。hang作“某物悬挂 / 吊在某处”解，是不及物动词，the picture与hang是主动关系，用hanging作定语。
6. The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. (上海卷)
A. recorded B. recording
C. to be recorded D. having recorded
【分析】答案选A。the disc(唱片)与record(录制)是被动关系，且record发生在谓语sounded之前，而不是之后，所以不用不定式，而用过去分词作定语。
7. The first textbooks ________ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16 th century.
A. having written B. to be written
C. being written D. written
【分析】答案选D。textbooks与write是被动关系，且write发生在谓语came out(出版)之前，而不是之后，所以不用不定式，而要用过去分词作定语。
8. The Olympic Games, ________ in 776 B. C, did not include women players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
