2024年05月16日 星期四
学院I.词汇
作者： 来源：第一家教网 日期：2009.05.20 浏览量：2960
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I.词汇
1. persuade v. cause (sb) by reasoning (to do sth)
persuade 的意思时“说服”，否则与try 连用
(1). We persuaded him to stop smoking.
(2). We tried to persuade him, but he wouldn’t listen to us.
persuade sb 说服某人
He has persuaded his friend.
persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
I’ll persuade her to go with you.
persuade sb into （doing） sth: cause sb to do sth
Tom couldn’t persuade Tommy into accepting his terms. 汤姆没能说服汤米接受他的条件。
persuade sb out of （doing）sth：cause sb to stop doing sth
I persuaded him out of the idea of dropping the experiment. 我劝他打消了中断实验的念头。
2. lack n. (常与of连用)want, need, shortage
There is no lack of vegetables.
It was lack of current capital that defeated their business.
由于缺少流动资本，他们的企业宣告失败。
vt. & vi. not have; have less than enough of
He lacks courage.
These photographs lack definition. You’d better have them taken again.
这些照片不够清晰，你最好重拍。
be lacking in sth: not have enough of it
He is lacking in courage. = He lacks courage.
be lacking: be in short supply
Money was lacking for the plan. = There was no money for the plan.
3. contrary adj. opposite ( in nature or tendency)
The boy was swimming in a direction contrary to the current. 那个男孩逆流游去。
adv. (常与to连用) against
He passed the examination, contrary to what I expected.
他考试及格了，和我预料的情况相反。
n. (前面与the连用) opposite
---You must be tired. 你一定很累了。
---On the contrary, I feel wide awake. 相反，我觉得很清醒。
4. infect vt. give disease, feelings, ideas, to a person, his body or mind
One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon infected other children.
She infected the whole class with her laughter 她的笑声感染了全班同学。
5. available adj. ①. (of objects) able to be used
②. (of persons) able to be present
I’m sorry, those overcoats are not available in your colour and size.
对不起，这种外套没有你要的颜色和尺码。
Attention, please. These tickets are available on (the) day of issue only.
请注意，这种车票仅在发售当天有效。
The lawyer is not available now. 律师现在没空。
Are you available for a meeting tomorrow morning? 你明天上午能出席会议吗？
6. limit n. line or point that may not or can not be passed; greatest or smallest amount, degree, etc of what is possible
There is a limit to the amount of money I can afford. 我能付得起的钱数是有限的。
The speed limit is the fastest speed you are allowed to drive a car at.
限速是允许驾车的最快速度。
vt. (与to连用) put a limit or limits to; be the limit of
My mother limits the amount of food that I eat. 我妈妈限制我的饭量。
II. 重难点解析
Reading:
1. AIDS is a disease that breaks down the body’s immune system and leaves a person defenseless against infections and illnesses.
break down 毁掉; 制服; 压倒; 停顿; 倒塌; 中止; 垮掉; 分解
Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances.
人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。
The robbers broke the door down. 强盗们把门砸开了。
The peace talks are said to have broken down. 据说和谈破裂了。
Our truck broke down outside town. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。
The car broke down halfway to the camp. 我们的车在去营地的半路上抛锚了。
常用搭配：
break away 逃走；逃脱
The robbery suspect broke away from the lockup. 抢劫嫌疑犯从拘留所逃脱了。
break in 闯入；强行进入；打断；插嘴
It’s her usual habit to break in with some ideas of her own.
她常常打断别人的话来发表自己的观点。
The telephone ring broke in on/upon my thought. 电话铃声打断了我的思路。
break into 闯入
The thieves broke into the office and stole some money. 小偷闯入办公室，偷了一些钱。
break out 爆发
The fire broke out in the kitchen. 厨房突然发生了火灾。
World War II broke out in 1939. 1939年爆发了第二次世界大战。
break through 突破
After the storm the sun broke through the clouds. 风暴过后太阳冲破了云层。
break up 分裂；结束；解散
The crowd started to break up when the night fell. 天快黑时人群开始散开了。
The ice will break up when the warm weather comes. 天气转暖，冰层就会破裂。
The police broke up the fighting crowd. 警察驱散了打架的人群。
2. As with most diseases and disaster, the young suffer the most.
正如大多数疾病和灾难一样，遭受最多痛苦的往往是年轻的患者。
with: 对于；关于；就……来说
They are friendly with us.
We are pleased with the house.
It is day with us while it is night with them. 对于我们此时是白天，而对于他们则是夜晚。
3. The drugs that are available are much too expensive and difficult to find.
有效的药物价格极其昂贵，而且很难买到。
much too 与 too much 的区别
Americans eat too much meat in my opinion.
She is afraid the trip will be too much for me.
Too much was happening all at once. 同时发生的事情太多了。
You are much too kind to me.
It’s much too cold.
You are driving much too fast.
4. She also goes to visit other AIDS patients in hospitals across the country to support them and cheer them up.
(1) across the country = throughout the country ; all over the country
(2) cheer up 使振奋，感到振奋；（用话）鼓舞（某人）
5. The disease is not the only thing that AIDS patients have to suffer from.
(1) the only 修饰先行词时，后面只能用引导词that, 不用 which.
if only 若是……那该多好啊； 真希望……；只要， 只要……就好
(2) suffer from vt. & vi. 患……病；受……苦; 受苦； 受难
She’s suffering from a headache.
Many people suffer from a great dread of heights. 许多人非常畏高。
6. “I wish people would find out the facts,” she says, “and not act as if I were a bad or dangerous
person.”
(1) as if = as though
She spoke to me as if she knew me.
It looked as if she were made of ice.
It seemed as if the meeting would never end.
(2) find out vt. & vi. 找出；发现；查明（真相）；认识到；想出；揭发
We must find out the truth of the matter.
I’ll find out where they live.
I’ll find out from my wife what dates we have ahead.
They have to find out how to bring about improvement
I had found out from him that he knew the subject thoroughly.
I don’t know how the car works, but I’ll soon find out.
Mary was angry when Jane found out her secrets.
You may get away with dishonesty for a while, but you’ll be found out sooner or later.
Integrating skills
7. I remember having an empty feeling in my stomach and thinking that my life was going to end. 我记得当时脑子里一片空白，以为我的生命就要结束了。
remember to do sth
remember doing sth
remember … for 因为……而记住
remember … as 作为……而记住
remember me to … 代我向……问好
8. Cells either divide too fast or at the wrong time, making it difficult for the body to function properly. 细胞要么分离太快，要么就是时候不当，这使身体功能难以协调起作用。
making it difficult for … 作结果状语。此外还可以表时间、原因、方式或伴随情况。
9. They helped me find the strength I needed to recover and they kept me from feeling sad and lonely. 他们帮助我找到了我需要恢复的力量，让我不再感觉到悲伤和孤独。
(1) recover vt. & vi. 恢复；收回；取回
I recovered the money I had lost. 我找回了丢失的钱。
She soon recovered herself and stopped crying. 她很快就恢复了常态，不哭了。
(2) keep … from doing sth prevent sb from doing sth stop sb from doing sth
You can’t stop us (from) going if we want to. →We can’t be stopped from going if we want to.
Nobody can prevent us (from) getting married.→We can’t be prevented from getting married.
The church bells keep me from sleeping.
常用搭配
keep away 使离开；扣下；留下
keep back 阻止，阻挡；隐瞒，保留
He can keep nothing back from his friends. 他向朋友什么也瞒不住。
The boss keeps back $50 a month towards my uniform. 老板每月扣我50美元服装费。
keep in touch with
keep off 避开；不接近
Keep off the grass!
My doctor has warned me to keep off sugar. 医生劝我别吃糖。
keep on 继续；保持
He just kept on writing.
注意区分：He kept standing at the school gate for half an hour without moving..
keep out 关在门外；不准入内
keep out of 躲开； 置身于……之外
Do you try to keep out of trouble! 你得躲开这麻烦。
Keep out of the sun.
keep to 坚持；保持；不离开
He always keeps to his promise. 他总是说话算数的。
We kept to the roads we knew. 我们不离开我们认识的路。
keep to oneself 对……守口如瓶
He kept his conclusions to himself. 他对他的结论守口如瓶。
keep up 继续；坚持；保持；维持
The high cost of materials keeps up prices. 材料的昂贵费用使价格居高不下。
keep up with
keep … adj.
For some, medicine can help keep them alive, but the treatment is expensive and does not cure them.
Please keep the classroom clean all day long.
10. The cancer in my body has been defeated for the moment, but I know that never be completely free from it.
for the moment 暂时，目前
at any moment 随时；在任何时候；马上
at moments 时刻，常常
at the last (critical) moment 在最后关头
at the moment 此刻；（正当）那时
every moment 时时刻刻
for a moment 片刻
in a moment 一会儿，不久；立即，马上
the (very) moment (that …) = as soon as
the moment 立刻，马上；刚才
11. Living with cancer has made me realize how precious life is and how important it is for us to take every chance to live life to the fullest.
take a chance / take one’s chance / take chances 冒险，碰碰运气，利用一下机会
take no chance 不冒险，力求万全
by chance = by accident 偶然，意外地
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