2024年04月26日 星期五
学院| 上海家教上海第一家教家教推荐阅读!! |
常见动词短语归纳辨析
在英语学习中，我们会遇到大量的动词短语，短语不同于单词，它的意思因其相互之间的搭配不同而千变万化，绝不可望文生义。掌握动词短语的意义以其用法对英语听说、阅读、写作的提高有极其重要的作用，因此，动词短语也是历年高考中的热点之一。
笔者深入研究了高中新教材新课标，精心整理近年教学的积累。在高中新教材中所有同义、易混、相似的常用动词短语基础上适当扩展，归纳整合了如下十四个常见动词的短语。希望能对大家的学习有所帮助。
一、 BREAK
1. break away(from) 突然离开，放弃； （与……）脱离
eg: The wing of the plane broke away in mid-air and the plane crashed. 机翼在空中脱落，飞机坠落了。
Can’t you break away from old habits? 你不能戒除旧习惯吗？
2. break down vi. 损坏；（汽车）抛锚；失败 vt. 分解（强调物理变化）
eg: Negotiations have broken down. 谈判已经破裂了。
The car/ engine broke down. 汽车/引擎坏掉了。
Sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.糖和淀粉在胃里被分解。
A better method is to take the waste far out to the sea in ships where the wind and waves break it down. 一个较好的办法是用船把废物运到远海，利用那里的海风和海浪分解这些物质。
3. break in/into 闯入, 打断, 开始工作
eg: His house was broken into in the midnight.半夜有人闯入他家。
4. break off 中断, 折断, 突然停止, 脱落, 暂停, 断绝, 解除
eg: He broke off in the middle of a sentence. 他一句话还没说完就中断了。
break off an engagement / conversation 突然解约/ 终止谈话
5. break out （fire, disease, war, violence）突发, 爆发,
相当于不及物动词，不带宾语，也没有被动语态。
Eg: A fire broke out during the night. 晚上发生一场火灾。
6. break up 打碎, 破碎, 分裂, 结束, 衰落, 分解(强调化学变化), 变坏, 驱散
eg: The gathering broke up in disorder. 聚会一哄而散。
The marriage is breaking up. 婚姻濒临破裂。
The police broke up the crowd. 警察驱散人群。
二、 BRING
1. bring about 使发生, 致使
eg: Science has brought about many changes in our lives. 科学为我们的生活带来许多变化。
What has brought about the quarrel? 这场争吵是怎么引起的？
2. bring back 拿回来, 使回忆起来, 使恢复
eg: Please bring back the book tomorrow. 请于明天把书拿回来。
Your letter brought back many memories. 你的来信唤起了许多回忆。
Her stay in the mountains brought her back to health. 她在山里暂住使她恢复了健康。
3. bring down 打倒, 击落, 打死, 降低
eg: He brought the bird down with one shot. 他一枪就把鸟打了下来。
The government of that country is trying to bring down the prices for food to please the people. 那国的政府正努力降低食品价格以取悦民众。
4. bring in 生产, 挣得, 介绍引进
eg: He does odd jobs that brings him in 10 to 15 pounds a week. 他打零工每周可赚十到十五镑。
They brought in experienced people to help./ They brought experienced people in to help. 他们请有经验的人来帮忙。
5. bring…into… 使……处于某种状态，使卷入
eg: The two countries were brought into war. 两个国家都被卷入了战争。
6. bring on 引起, 导致, 使发展, 提出
eg: He was out in the rain all day and that brought on a bad cold. 他整天在外面淋雨，因此患了重感冒。
7. bring out 取出，使显示, 出版, 生产, 鼓励说出
eg: The company began to bring out a new kind of soap.这家公司开始生产一种新肥皂。
Alice is very shy, try to bring her out. 爱丽丝很怕羞，要设法鼓励她说话。
8. bring (…) to light 揭露，暴露； 使了解到
eg: The investigation brought to light many new facts. 调查揭露了许多新情况。
9. bring up 教育, 培养, 提出, (军队等)调上来,呕吐
eg: He was brought up by his aunt. 他是由他姑姑养大的。
These are matters that you can bring up in the committee. 这些问题你可以在委员会里提出来。
He brought up his dinner. 他把晚饭吃的东西都吐了。
三、 CALL
1. call at +地点/ call on/upon +sb. 访问，走访，拜访；要求
eg: We called at Mr Johnson’s house yesterday. 我们昨天到约翰家拜访。
We were called on by our neighbours before we had been settled in our new home a week. 我们迁入新居还不到一周，邻居都来探望我们了。
They called on the writer to make a speech. 他们要求那位作家讲几句话。
2. call away 叫走, 转移, 排解 （常用于被动语态）
eg: He was called away before I could speak to him. 我还没来得及和他说话，他就被叫走了。
The doctor is often called away at night. 这位大夫经常夜里被请去出诊。
3. call for 要求；需要
eg: Success calls for hard work. 成功需要勤奋。
4. call forth 使产生, 引起, 使起作用 ；振作起，鼓起（勇气、精神等）
eg: His behaviour called forth numerous protests. 他的行为引起许多抗议。
You will have to call forth all your energy. 你必须全力以赴。
5. call in 召集, 召来, 来访；收回（出借的图书、债款、旧币等）
eg: The army was called in to help. 部队应召而来帮忙。
The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults. 制造商收回了一些有危险性缺陷的车。
6. call off 叫走, 放弃, 使转移走, 取消
eg: Please call off your dog. 叫走你的狗。
They had to call off the match because of the heavy rain. 由于大雨，他们不得不取消比赛。
7. call out 出动, 唤起, 大声叫唤，给……下令罢工
eg; Why is calling out? 他为什么在叫喊？
The miners’ leader called out his men. 矿工领袖下令矿工罢工。
8. call up 召唤, 使想起, 提出, 打电话给
eg: I’ll call you up if anything happens. 有事我会打电话给你。
This song called up memories of my childhood. 这首歌勾起了我对童年的回忆。
四、 CARRY
1. carry away 运走, 使失去自制力
eg: Their houses were carried away by the flood. 他们的房屋被洪水冲走了。
She was carried away by the music and started to sing it herself. 她被那乐曲迷住了，情不自禁也唱了起来。
2. carry off 获得, 赢得
eg: Tom carried off all the school prizes. 汤姆赢得了学校所有的奖
3. carry on (with) 继续开展, 坚持, 举止失常
eg: Let’s carry on (with) our work. 让我们把这项工作继续下去吧。
Did you notice how they were carrying on? 你注意到他们的行为多奇怪了吗？
4. carry out 完成, 实现, 贯彻, 执行
carry out a promise /plan 实践诺言/实施计划
carry out an experiment 做实验
5. carry through 进行, 贯彻, 使度过（危险、困难等）
eg: Their courage will carry them through. 他们的勇气会使他们度过难关。
Despite powerful opposition, they managed to carry their reforms through. 尽管遇到了强大的阻力，他们还是设法进行了改革。
五、 COME
1. come about 产生，发生
eg: How did it come about ? 那事是怎么发生的？
Sometimes it is hard to tell how a quarrel comes about. 有时很难说清是怎么吵起来的。
2. come across来到, 偶遇, <口>给人印象深刻 （无被动形式）
eg: A man was walking through a wood when he came across a woodcutter. 一个人正在林子里走着，这时他偶然遇见了一位樵夫。
Your speech came across very well. 你的演说很受欢迎。
3. come along 出现, 发生, 进步（不及物动词词组）
eg: When the right opportunity comes along, he’ll take it. 当良机出现时，他会抓住的。
How is your English coming along? 你的英语学得怎么样？
4. come down 下来, 倒塌, 没落, 病倒, 捐钱, 流传下来, 垂下
eg: The rain came down in bucketfuls. 大雨倾盆。
My rich uncle comes down generously. 我那有钱的叔叔出手很大方。
I love those legends that have come down to us. 我喜爱那些流传下来的传说。
Her hair comes down to her waist. 她的头发下垂到腰部。
5. come into being 形成, 产生 （无被动形式）
eg: Thus the Great Wall came into being. 长城就这样形成了。
6. come off 离开, 举行, 实现, 成为
eg: The trip came off on schedule. 旅行按计划得以实现。
It was a clever joke but it didn’t quite come off.那笑话不错，但未达到预期效果。
7. come on 突然产生, 要求, 跟着来, 开始, 出台, 上演，快点,
eg: You go first, I’ll come on later. 你先去，我随后就来。
How’s your garden coming on? 你的花园发展的情形如何？
I can feel a headache coming on. 我觉得快头疼了。
“Mecbeth” is coming on again next month. 《麦可白》下月将再度上演。
8. come out 出来, 长出, 传出, 出版, 被解出, 露出, 真相大白
eg: The stars come out . 星星出来了。
Flowers have come out. 花开了。
When the news came out, …. 当消息传出的时候，….
The meaning of the passage came out clearly in his interpretation. 这段文字的意义经他的解释后就明白了。
When will her book come out ? 她的新书什么时候出版？
9. come over 过来（常和介词tofrom 连用），被理解（=come across）；突然感到（~ sb.）
eg: When did you first come over to England? 你第一次来英国是什么时候？
A feeling of faintness came over me, so I had to lie down. 我突然觉得头昏，所以只好躺下了。
10. come around/round 恢复知觉, 回来，过访，绕道而来
eg: When he came round he found himself lying on bed.
11. come to 复苏(=come around ,动副结构), 达到, 继承, 停止，想起,共计（动介）
eg: At last they came to a small village. 最后他们来到一个小村庄。
I can’t remember her name now---it’ll come to me later. 我一时记不起她的名字，过会儿我会想起来的。
What does the bill come to ? 帐单上共有多少钱？
12. come up 走近, 上来, 发芽, 流行, 发生, 被提出，上升, 讨论 , 出现（不及物，无被动）
The seeds haven’t come up. 种子还没发芽。
She came up to ask what it was about. 她走过来问是怎么回事。
The question hasn’t come up yet. 问题尚未被提出或被讨论。
六、 CUT
1. cut down 砍倒, 胜过, 削减, 删节
eg: I haven’t given up drinking but I’m cutting down. 我没有戒酒，但是减少了酒量。
He wanted to have his trousers cut down. 他想把裤子改短一点。
2. cut in （on） 插嘴, 插入, 把...插进
eg: I’m sorry to cut in on your conversation. 很抱歉打断你们的谈话。
You nearly caused an accident by cutting in (on me) like that. 你那样超我的车，差点造成事故。
3. cut off 切断, 断绝
eg: His little finger was cut off in an accident at the factory. 他的小手指在工厂的一次事故中被切掉了。
cut off the gas/ electricity supply 切断煤气/电力供应
4. cut through 抄近路走过, 刺穿
eg: Let’s cut through the woods and get ahead of them. 让我们抄近路穿过树林，赶在他们前面。
The workers are cutting through the hill to build a road.工人们在凿山建路。
5. cut up 切碎, 使丧气,
eg: She has bought a machine to cut up vegetables. 她买了一台切菜机。
Alice was really cut up when her friend died. 爱丽丝的朋友去世了，她伤心极了。
七、 GET
1. get along/on(with) 生活, 融洽相处, 进展, 有起色
eg: How’s the work getting along/ on? 工作进展如何？
Do you get along well with your classmates? 你和同学们相处得好吗？
2. get away 逃脱, 离开, 把...送走
eg: I caught a really big fish but it got away. 我钓到一条大鱼，可是它逃跑了。
3. get down (从...)下来, 吞下, 写下, 使沮丧
eg: Try to get the medicine down. 设法把药吞下去。
Get down every word she says. 记下她说的每一句话。
4. get down to 开始认真考虑
eg: It’s hard to get down to work after a nice holiday. 度过了愉快的假日后，很难认真投入工作。
I really must get down to writing my report. 我真的要认真写我的报告了。
5. get in 进入, 到达, 收获, 插入, 陷入
eg: The plane get in late. 飞机晚点到达。
The students went to help the farmers get in crops.学生们去帮农民收割庄稼。
She got in with the criminals. 她和犯罪分子有瓜葛。
6. get off 下来, 脱下, 出发, 开始
eg: I’d better be getting off now. 我现在该动身了。
Please get those things off, sir, and throw them into the fire.先生，请把你身上那些东西脱下来扔进火里。
I’m getting off the train at the next station. 我在下个车站下车。
The plane got off at eight on time. 飞机于八点准时起飞。
7. get out 出去, 离开, 逃脱, 泄露, 摆脱, 弄出来, 说出, 出版
eg: Somehow the secret got out. 总之秘密被泄露了。
One of the tigers has got out (of the zoo). 一只老虎（从动物园）跑出来了。
We hope the get the report out soon. 我们希望很快发表这一报告。
He managed to get out some words. 他费力地说了几句话。
8. get over 爬过, 克服, 熬过, 恢复, 原谅
eg: She finally got over the divorce. 她最终从离婚的创伤中恢复了。
How shall we get over all these difficulties? 我们如何克服所有这些困难？
9. get through 到达, 做完, 通过, 度过, 打通
eg: I left as soon as your message got through to me. 一接到你的信我就离开了。
As soon as I get through (with) my work, I’ll join you. 我一干完活就去找你们。
Tom failed his exam but his sister got through. 汤姆不及格，但他妹妹及格了。
I tried to telephone, but I couldn’t get through. 我给你打电话但是打不通。
10. get up 起床，（风、火等）变得猛烈；筹办；演出；研究；穿起
eg: The wind is getting up. 风势开始增强了。
They planned to get up a party. 他们计划筹办一个聚会。
She has got up in a new costume. 她穿起一件新装。
She got herself up like a girl of eighteen. 她把自己打扮得像个十八岁的女孩。
八、 GIVE
1. give away 送掉, 分发, 放弃, 泄露, 出卖, 让步, 陷下
eg: She gave away all her money to the poor. 她把所有的钱都给了穷人。
She made me promise not to give away while it was hidden.她叫我答应不要泄露它藏在哪里。
He was given away to the police. 他被人向警方告发了。
2. give in 投降, 屈服, 让步, 交上
eg: He has given in to my views. 他已经接受了我的观点。
Please give in your examination papers now. 现在请将你们的试卷交上来。
3. give off 发出(蒸汽、液体、雾等)，长出（枝、杈等）
eg: Water always gives off steam when boiled. 水煮开后就冒出蒸汽。
The cake gave off a terrible smell. 蛋糕散发出难闻的气味。
4. give out 分发, 发出(气味、热等), 发表, 用尽, 精疲力竭
eg: The teacher is giving out the examination papers.老师正在分发试卷。
The radio is giving out a strange signal. 无线电正在发出一种奇特的信号。
The sun gives out light and heat to the earth. 太阳向地球散发出光和热。
Our food supplies began to give out. 我们的食品要吃完了。
5. give up 放弃(念头、希望等), 停止, 抛弃, 认输, 把...送交, <口>对...绝望
eg: The doctors have given him up. 医生说他的病已不能治了。
I have given up smoking.我已经戒烟了。
She gave up a lot of her friends when she got married.她结婚后跟许多朋友断绝了来往。
Shall we let the thief go or give him up to the police? 我们是将窃贼放走呢还是将他交给警察？
6. give way （to） 撤退, 让路, 退让, 垮掉, 倒塌, 屈服, 跌价
eg: Give way to traffic coming in from the right. 让从右面来的车子先走。
Tears gave way to smiles. 破涕为笑。
We mustn’t give way to these unreasonable demands. 我们不能向这些不合理的要求让步。
九、 GO
1. go against 反对, 违反, 不利于/z
eg: Don’t go against your father. 不要违背你父亲的意愿。
The war is going against them. 战争对他们不利。
2. go along(with) 前进, 进行, 赞同, 支持
eg: You may have some difficulty first but you’ll find it easier as you go along. 最初你或许有些困难，但过些时你会觉得较为容易。
They were quite happy to go along with our suggestion. 他们很乐意赞成我们的建议。
3. go by (从...旁)走过, 依照, 顺便走访
eg: A car went by. 一辆汽车驶过。
He always goes by the rules. 他总是根据规则办事。
4. go down 下去, 下沉, 坠落, 下降, 平静下来, 被咽下, 被接受, 被记录下来
eg: The value of the dollar has gone down again. 美圆又贬值了。
The pills wouldn’t go down. 这药丸吞不下。
He will go down in history as a great statesman. 他将在历史上成为伟大的政治家。
5. go in for 参加, 追求, 爱好
eg: go in for an examination 参加考试
go in for golf/ stamp-collecting/ growing tulips 爱好高尔夫/集邮/种郁金香
6. go off 离开, 去世, 消失, 睡去, 爆炸, 被发射, 进行, 变质
eg: The gun went off by accident.
Meat and fish go off quickly in hot weather.
She went off into a faint.
He has gone off to Leeds with his master’s money. 他带着主人的钱偷偷逃亡利兹了。
How did the sports meeting go off? 运动会进行情况如何？
7. go over (渡过...)转变, (对...进行)仔细检查, 润色, 复习
eg: He has gone over to the Democrats. 他已投入民主党。
We went over the building. 我们查看了这座大楼。
Go over the lesson again. 把功课再复习一遍。
8. go round 到处走动, 顺便去, 流传, 足够分配
eg: There aren’t enough computers for the whole grade of students to go around. 计算机不够整个年级学生用的。
Is there enough food to go around? 食物够分配吗？
9. go through 经历, 经受, 仔细检查, 用完, 被通过, 参加, 搜查, 履行
eg: These countries have gone through too many wars. 这些国家饱经战火。
Their plans went through. 他们的计划被通过了。
Have you gone through all your money? 你用完了所有的钱了吗？
He went through his pockets and eventually found his keys. 他仔细检查了口袋，终于找到了钥匙。
10. go with 伴随, 与...相配, 和(异性)交朋友
eg: Happiness doesn’t always go with money. 幸福未必总是伴随金钱而来。
This color does not go with that. 这颜色和那颜色不配。
He goes with a different girl every week. 他每星期与不同的女孩交往。
十、 KEEP
1. keep back 落在后面, 阻止, 隐瞒, 留下
eg: The police tried to keep the crowd back from the injured man. 警察试图挡住人群，不让他们靠近受伤的人。
He can keep nothing back from his friends. 他什么也瞒不住他的朋友。
The boss keeps back $50 a month towards my uniform. 老板每月扣我50美圆服装费。
2. keep down 卧下, 镇压, 控制, 缩减, 保留
eg: They are taking steps to keep down the rabbit population. 他们采取措施控制兔子的繁殖。
We must keep down expenses. 我们必须缩减开支。
I feel ill, doctor, and I can’t keep any food down. 我病了，医生，吃的东西都吐了。
3. keep in with 不断讨好，和……保持友谊
eg: She still keeps in with her former husband. 她仍和前夫保持友谊。
4. keep on 继续, 留用， 穿着...不脱
eg: The rain kept on for several days. 雨一连下了几天。
Don’t lose courage. Keep on trying. 别丧气，继续努力。
5. keep to 遵循， 坚持，不离开
eg: He always keeps to his promises. 她总是说话算数的。
We kept to the roads we knew. 我们不离开我们认识的路。
6． Keep …to oneself 对 …守口如瓶
eg: He kept his conclusions to himself. 他对他的结论守口如瓶。
I’m resigning ---but keep it to yourself. 我要辞职了——但你不要传出去。
7． keep up(with) 不低落, 维持, 继续
eg: If this rain keeps up, the garden will be ruined.如果这雨继续下，花园就完蛋了。
It is difficult to keep on a conversation with a man who will only say Yes and no. 跟一个只会说“是、不是”的人很难谈下去。
十一、PUT
1. put away 放好, 储存...备用, 处理掉, 放弃, 抛弃
eg: The boy put the food away in the cupboard after he finished his dinner.那个男孩吃完晚饭后把食物放进橱里。
He put some money away every month. 他每月存一些钱。
He’s had to put away all ideas of becoming a pianist. 他不得不放弃做钢琴演奏家的一切念头。
2. put down 放下, 镇压, 写下
eg: The army put down al opposition. 军队把所有的反抗活动都镇压下去了。
Put it down to my account, please. 请记在我帐上。
Here is my address——put it down before you forget it. 写下来免得忘了。
3. put forward 放出, 拿出, 提出, 推举出
eg: put forward a new theory 提出一个新理论
put a friend forward as a candidate 推荐一位朋友为候选人
4. put off 推迟, 拖延, 搪塞, 扔掉, 脱掉, 妨碍
eg: put off going to see a dentist 延期去看牙医
He tried to put me off with vague promises. 他企图以含混的许诺来敷衍我。
You must put off your doubts and fears. 你必须消除疑惧。
The smell put me off eating for a week. 那味道使我一个星期吃不下东西。
5. put on 穿上, 把...放在上, 上演, 打开，假装, 增加, 欺骗, 添上
eg: They will put on a play in English this month. 他们这个月将演出英文剧。
Put on the light. 开灯。
I put on a lot of weight while I was on holiday. 度假时我胖了很多。
She was a shy girl, but she put on a bold front and went to the party. 她是一个害羞的女孩，然而却装出一副勇敢的样子去参加舞会。
So many people wanted to go to the match that another train had to be put on. 要去观看比赛的人那么多，只好增开一列火车。
6. put out 扑灭， 生产，消除, 出版， 做出努力, 使退场
eg: Please put out the light before you go to bed. 上床前请把灯关掉。
It took them six hours to put the fire out. 他们花了六个小时才把火扑灭。
The government has put out a statement denying these rumours. 政府发表声明否认了这些谣言。
7. put through(to) 接通电话
eg: Can you put me through to this number? 你能给我接通这个号码吗？
8. put up 举起, 抬起, 进行, 提供, 张贴
eg: They began to put up a tent after they got there.他们到那儿开始架起帐篷。
Put your hands up! 举起手来！
He put a “No parking” sign outside his gate. 他在大门外挂了一块“禁止停车”的牌子。
I’ll supply skill and knowledge if you will put up the $2000 capital. 如果你提供两千美圆的资本，我就提供技术与知识。
9. put up with 忍受, 容忍
eg: I can’t put up with your rudeness any more. 我不能再忍受你的无礼了。
十二、SET
1. set about 开始，着手（后接名词、代词和动名词）
eg: The sooner we set about it the sooner we’ll finish. 我们越早开始就越早可以完成这件事。
2. set out 出发, 开始, 陈列
eg: When are we setting out on our trip? 我们什么时候动身去旅行？
This is what they set out to say. 这就是他们要说的话。
The meal was set out on a long table. 饭菜摆在一张长桌子上。
3. set to 开始认真干, 开始大吃
eg: We have set to learning Japanese grammar. 我们开始学习日语语法。
If we set to, we can finish cleaning the room in an hour. 如果我们认真干起来，我们只要一个小时就能把房间打扫干净。
We were all hungry and at once set to. 我们都饿了，立刻狼吞虎咽地吃起来。
4. set aside 留出, 不顾, 取消, 驳回
eg: Each month he tried to set aside part of his salary. 每个月他都设法留出工资的一部分。
Setting aside my wishes in the matter, what would you really like to do? 不要理会我对此事的愿望，你自己究竟想干什么？
5. set off (for) 出发, 动身, 使爆炸, 引起, 衬托
eg: We shall set off for town together. 我们将一起进城。
As a traditional way to celebrate the new year, setting off firecrackers is justifiably welcomed by most Chinese people. 作为一种传统的庆贺新年活动，燃放鞭炮当然受到大多数中国人的欢迎。
The news set off a rush of activity. 这消息令人蜂拥而来。
This gold frame sets off your oil painting very well. 这个金色镜框把你的油画衬托得很美丽。
6. set up 设立, 竖立, 架起, 开业
eg: Edison set up a chemical lab of his own at the age of ten. 爱迪生十岁就建立了自己的化学实验室。
He has set himself up as a bookseller. 他成了书商。
十三、TAKE
1. take after 像, 学样
eg: She takes after her mother; she is always cheerful.她像她妈妈，总是乐呵呵的。
2. take along 随身带着，带领
eg: Why don't you take your mother along to the concert? 你为什么不把你母亲带到音乐会上来呢？
3. take away 取走，减去，使离去
eg: Take away 3 from 10 you get 7. 十件三等于七。
What takes you away so early? 为什么你这么早就走？
4. take back 送还, 收回, 取消, 使回忆起
eg: Sorry, I take back what I said. 对不起，我收回我说的话。
The photo took him to his early days in youth. 照片使他又回到了青年早期。
5. take down 拿下, 记下, 拆卸, 病倒
eg: He took down an old picture from the wall. 他从墙上取下一张旧画。
Did you take down his phone number? 你记下他的电话号码了吗？
A dangerous bridge was taken down. 一座危险的桥梁已拆掉。
6. take in 接受, 接待, 吸收, 理解, 包括, 轻信, 注意到, 欺骗
eg: He had nowhere to sleep so we offered to take him in. 他没地方睡觉，于是我们就提出让他留宿。
This is the total cost of the holiday, taking everything in. 这是假日的全部费用，一切都包括在内。
She took in the waist on the pair of trousers. 她把裤子的腰身改小了。
7. take off 拿掉, 脱衣, 起飞, 减弱, 离开, 休假
eg: The plane took off on time. 飞机准时起飞。
He took off in a hurry. 他匆匆离去。
I’m taking off three days during May. 五月我将会休假三天。
8. take on 披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 同…较量
eg: These insects can take on the colour of their surroundings. 这些昆虫能够呈现与其周围环境相适应的颜色。
His face took on a worried expression. 他的脸上露出担忧的表情。
We’ve decided to take on a new typist in our office. 我们决定办公室里雇佣一名新的打字员。
Why don’t you take on someone of your own size? 你怎么不跟你一样高的人较量？
9. take over 接收, 接管
eg: Our chairman has left, so Peter will take over (his job).我们的主席走了，彼德将接任。
10. take up 拿起, 开始从事, 继续, 吸收, 责备, 拘留, 占据, 认购
eg: He took up the receiver when the telephone rang. 电话铃响了，他拿起听筒。
He took up acting while he was at college. 他在大学时开始喜欢上演戏。
Let’s take up where we left off. 让我们从我们停止的地方继续下去。
No one took up my suggestion. 没人理睬我的建议。
The extra duties took up most of my time. 额外工作占据了我绝大部分时间。
十四、TURN
1. turn away 不准...入内, 走开, 转过脸, 解雇
eg: The cinema was full and many people were turned away. 电影院爆满，许多人被拒之门外。
The worker was turned away by his boss. 那个工人被老板打发走了。
2. turn down 向下折转, 拒绝，调低，关小
eg: He turned down the corner of a page. 他把页角向下折。
The boy wanted to join the basketball team but was turned down. 那个男孩想参加篮球队但被拒绝了。
Turn the radio down at once！ 快把收音机声音关小点！
3. turn into 进入, (使)变成(主要指物质形态、性质等的转变)
eg: Water turns into ice when it freezes. 水遇冷结冰。
In fifty years this places has turned from a little village into a large town. 经过五十年，这个地方从一个小村庄变成了大城镇。
4. turn off 关掉, 避开, 使转变方向, 生产, 使厌烦, 变成
eg: He turned off the gas. 他关掉了煤气。
We turned off the freeway at Detroit. 我们在底特律离开高速公路。
I turned off when they started talking about computers. 当他们谈起电脑时，我便厌烦了。
5. turn on 开启, 依赖， 开始
eg: She turned on the water. 她打开了自来水龙头。
The success of the negotiations turns on getting the agreement of the Italian delegation. 谈判的成功倚赖于取得意大利代表团的同意。
6. turn out 打扫, 驱逐, 使外倾, 生产, 起床, 翻出, 制造, 关掉
eg: The boy was turned out of the house by his stepfather. 那男孩被继父赶出家门。
The factory turns out 2,000 bicycles a month. 这工厂一个月生产2000辆自行车。
Please turn out the gas. 请把煤气关上。
The policeman told him to turn out his pockets. 警察叫他把口袋里的东西统统拿出来。
It turns out that this method does not work well. 结果，这种方法效果不佳。
7. turn over 打翻, 反复考虑, 翻身,
eg: She turned over and went to sleep. 她翻过身去睡着了。
She turned the problem over in her mind. 她在脑中反复思考这个问题。
8. turn to 翻到，转向, 变成, 求助于, 致力于, 开始行动
eg: Please turn to page 40. 请翻到40页。
I just can’t find a person that I can turn to. 我找不到可以求助的人。
Some farmers have turned to keeping deer. 一些农场主已经转向养鹿业。
9. turn up 调高，找到, 发现, 出现, 折起, 突然发生
eg: Turn the radio up. I can’t hear it. 把收音机声音调高点，我听不见。
The missing bag turned up, completely empty, in the lake. 丢失的包在湖里找到了，里面空空的。
The police have turned up a lot of new information about the wanted man. 警方发现了许多有关这个通缉犯的新资料。
