2025年05月03日 星期六
学院上海家教上海第一家教家教推荐阅读!!
如果你现在正安坐在椅子上，那我建议你不妨站起来看这篇文章。
If you're reading this sitting down, you might consider standing up.
新近一项研究以全新的视角探查了坐姿对健康的影响，认为看电视过多会导致死亡风险增高。最为惊人的一点是，受影响的不只是沙发土豆们，即便是那些定期锻炼的人，看电视时间越长，死亡风险也就越大，原因就在于看电视会让人长时间保持安坐的姿势。
In a provocative look at the impact of sedentary behavior on health, a new study links time watching television to an increased risk of death. One of the most surprising findings is that it isn't just couch potatoes who were affected -- even for people who exercised regularly, the risk of death went up the longer they were in front of the TV. The problem was the prolonged periods of time spent sitting still.
澳大利亚研究者针对8800个调查对象进行了跟踪调查，平均每个对象时长六年，他们发现，跟那些每天看电视时间少于两个小时的人相比，那些宣称自己每天看电视时间超过四个小时的人，死亡的风险高了46%，其中死于心血管疾病的风险更是高出了80%。
Australian researchers who tracked 8,800 people for an average of six years found that those who said they watched TV for more than four hours a day were 46% more likely to die of any cause and 80% more likely to die of cardiovascular disease than people who reported spending less than two hours a day in front of the tube.
近年来的多项研究都认为，如今美国及全球肥胖症患者数量日益增多，是因为大家在电视、电脑及电玩前花了过多的时间。通常的结果是，公共卫生部门会敦促公众，不管大人小孩都请放下电玩手柄和电视遥控器，去跑跑步、踢踢足球。
Time spent in front of TVs and computers and videogames has come under fire in studies in recent years for contributing to an epidemic of obesity in the U.S. and around the world. But typically the resulting public-health message urges children and adults to put down the Xbox controller and remote and get on a treadmill or a soccer field.
而澳大利亚的这项研究则得出不同结论。墨尔本贝克IDI心脏与糖尿病研究中心（Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute）研究员戴维·邓斯坦（David Dunstan）是此次调研的领头人，他说，“问题的症结不是缺少需要流汗的运动，而是当我们陷在沙发里看电视时，我们就不会站起来动一动、走一走，肌肉也就无法得到活动。”
The Australian study offers a different take. 'It's not the sweaty type of exercise we're losing,' says David Dunstan, a researcher at Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, who led the study. 'It's the incidental moving around, walking around, standing up and utilizing muscles that [doesn't happen] when we're plunked on a couch in front of a television.'
事实上，此次的受调查者平均每天都会有30至45分钟的锻炼时间。
Indeed, participants in the study reported getting between 30 and 45 minutes of exercise a day, on average.
这一结果与如今一个新兴领域的研究不谋而合，这样的研究显示，人体长时间保持一个姿势不动，会影响到脂肪及其他物质的分解，从而增加罹患心脏疾病的风险。专家建议，只需避免长时间安坐，就可以减少这样的风险。
The results are supported by an emerging field of research that shows how prolonged periods of inactivity can affect the body's processing of fats and other substances that contribute to heart risk. And they suggest that people can help mitigate such risk simply by avoiding extended periods of sitting.
这份调研报告周二刊载于美国心脏协会（American Heart Association）的《循环》（Circulation）期刊。研究者称，之所以强调看电视的风险，部分原因是看电视在很多国家，尤其是美国，是最为主要的消遣活动。收视率调查机构尼尔森公司（Nielsen Co.）的一项研究显示，2008年四季度，美国人平均每月看电视时间为151个小时，每天超过5小时。
The report, being published Tuesday in the American Heart Association journal Circulation, focuses on TV watching in part because it is the predominant leisure-time activity in many countries, researchers said, especially in the U.S. A study by ratings firm Nielsen Co. found that Americans averaged 151 hours of TV viewing a month in the fourth quarter of 2008 -- more than five hours a day.
汉密尔顿博士说，研究认为，只要一天不活动，人体中高密度脂蛋白，即有益胆固醇的含量便会下降20%，这种胆固醇可以帮助将低密度脂蛋白即有害胆固醇排出血液。
Dr. Hamilton says studies suggest that after just one day of inactivity, levels of HDL, or good cholesterol, which helps transport LDL or bad cholesterol out of the blood stream, can fall by as much as 20%.
医学专家表示，要使这一过程更有效进行，其实无需长期高强度锻炼，只要有意识地增加一些日常活动就可以了。佛罗里达州杰克逊韦尔（Jacksonville）梅约医院（Mayo Clinic）的心脏病学家杰勒德·弗莱彻（Gerard Fletcher）说，“只要站着就比老坐着要好。当你站立的时候，你多少都会动动脚的，”那么就会动到一些肌肉，而当你坐着或躺着的时候，是不需要动到肌肉的。弗莱彻本人用电脑时便都是站着的。
Keeping such processes working more effectively doesn't require constant intense exercise, but consciously adding more routine movement to your life might help, doctors say. 'Just standing is better than sitting,' says Gerard Fletcher, a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Fla., who works standing up at his computer. 'When you stand up, you shuffle around a little bit' and use muscles not required when you're sitting or lying down.
有一些简单的方法就可以让你增加活动量：看电视的时候干点叠衣服之类的家务活，或者不用遥控器，而是走到电视机跟前去切换频道。
Simple strategies for increasing activity include incorporating household chores such as folding laundry into TV-watching time or getting up to change a TV channel rather than using a remote control.
